Carburetor for heavy fuels in internal combustion engines



Oct. 27, 1931. J. ESCAFFRE CARBURETOR FOR HEAVY FUELS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed April 11. 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet l Oct. 27, 1931. J, ESCAFFRE 1,828,770

CARBURETOR FOR HEAVY FUELS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed April ll. 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. EscAFFRE 1,828,770

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 iled April 1l. 1927 Oct. 27, 1931.

CARBURETOR FOR HEAVY FUELS IN INTERNAL coMBUsTIoN ENGINES '25 residue heat Patented Oct. 27, 1931 PATENT OFFICE .'l'OSEPH ESCAFFRE, OF COURBEVOIE, FRANCE GARB'URETOR FOR HEAVY FUELS Applicationmea April 11, 1927, serial N The present invention relates to a process for the' gasification of a fuel consisting of thick carburets of hydrogen permitting their utilization in explosion-motors. Another object of the invention res` des in the provision of an apparatus for the application of this process, this apparatus presenting itself 1n the shape of a carburetor integral liquefier properly called.

An essentiel point of the invention con-` sists in that the carburetor permits the consecutive employment or a simultaneous employment of thick oils and of essence (i. e. light oils), either at starting or during the run of the motor, according to the special case.

The apparatus is of the same kind as those utilizing the residue-heat of the escaping gases in-order to liquefy 'and to gasify the thick oil or to increase its fluidity so as to permit the direct` feeding of the motor. Yet, according to the present invention this reduction into a fluid state and this gasification are obtained not only by the action of the of the burnt gases, but also by the passage of the fuel over a catalyzer of appropriate design, which dissociates the oilmolecules so as to permit the inammation ofthe thicker molecules by the more volatile part.. I employ as catalyzer, preferably, a

mixture of bodies subdivided as finely as possible, such as chips of copper, ferro-nickel, foam of platina, silver in powder constitur` ency and so on.

The apparatus is furthermore characterized by novel means utilized as well for the regulation of air as of the fuel such as essence and thick oil. -A special device is also provided consisting in a double jet and a Venturi, and comprising means for establishment of a constant level in quite a special manner. Means are also provided for emptying, verification and cleaning of the funda'.- mental elements such as the needle, the conduits for the .admission of the fuel, the lters, the jets and so on.

The drawings appended, to which reference will be made, represent in the way of an example one executional form-of this apparatus.

with the4 IN INTERNAL GOMBUSTON ENGINES o. 182,849, and in France April 14, 1926.

Figure 1 is an elevational view of the carburetor, if looking at the side of the flange for admission of the carburretted mixture to the motor;y

Figure 2 is an elevation if looking at the side of the flange for evacuation of the burnt gases.;

Figure 3 is a vertical section according to the axis a-aof Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a horizontal section according tothe axis b-b of Figure 2, showing the Venturidevice;

Figure 5 is a partial section according to the line c-c of Figure 3.

The apparatus presents itself in the shape of a cylinder with a horizontal axis and a double shell 1, 2, closed at both extremities 3, 4

I The reservoir liquefier constituted by the annular spacel comprised between the two concentric shells 1, 2 is destined to warm up the utilized thick carburet such as thick oil of any kind, anthracene and s o on, the burnt gases utilized for this warming up, circulating in the inner shell 2. For this purpose, the escape-gases pass across the liquefying apparatus, from the entry-flange 5 up to the evacuation-flange 6, the fected with aidof a throttle-valve 7 Finally, in the axis of the inner space filled by the burnt gases, is disposed the diifusor 8 with two jets, terminating at one extremity into a bell 9 for air-admission (Fig. 2) and at the other extremity into a flange 10'for the admission of the carburetted mixture into the motor, 11 being a throttle-valve for the regulation of this admission. Consequently the escape-gases bathe the liquefying reservoir formed by the annular chamber 1, 2 and at the same time the diffusor Sfor air-admission and for the pulverization of the fuel, in such manner that the latter is maintained in a liquid state up to its utilization.

For` the same purpose, the outer shell 1 could be if required, covered by a suitable :heat-insulating substance in order to avoid -cooling down of the apparatus. A layer of water could be provided for the same purpose in order to form a heat-protector.

regulation being ef-4 In the annular chamber 1, 2 forming a warmer and a liquefier of oiL-a wadding 12 is disposed, consisting of metal or other wires, the role whereof is to 'dissociate the molecules of oil owing to the action of heat, in such manner that the more volatile part inlames the heavier molecules; the phenomenon presenting itself is the one dissociation at high temperature owing to the contact with -a catal zin body favoring this dissociation of oil7 witout any appreciable alteration of its proper constitution.

I utilize as a catalyzing agent, preferably a mixture of chips of red copper, ferro-nickel, foam' of platina, powdered silver and so on, all these bodies4 presenting themselves in a state of an uttermost division, so as to multipasses into the space 15a the float, this conical ply the points of contact.

It is of course obvious that instead of these bodies any other bodies apt to act as catalyzers and in conformity with any special requirements, with regard to the expenses, to the duration and so on, could be employed.

Oil is admitted through the pipe 13 to the cock 14 and tothe usual junction piece 15 comprising three parts. From the chamber for warming up and for dissociation, 12, oil through openings 15 into the annular space 16 surrounding the filtering sleeve 17 retaining all foreign bodies mixed eventually with the liquefied carburet.

From the chamber 18 closed by the stopper 19,7oil raises into the vat 20 containing the float 21, through an orifice 22 obturated by the conical extremity 23 of the spindle 24 of part presenting a sharp edge 25. By means of a nut 26 vscrewed upon the threaded part of the rod 24, the level n--n in the vat' 20 can be adjusted with regard to the jet 27.

.An emptying screw is provided at 28, serving at the same time for cleaning purposes; 29 represents the cover for the vat'or well.

From the container 20, oil'passes through a duct 20a which 'is controlled by the smooth pointer 30 with spring 31 trying to obturate constantly the oil-admission to the outer chamber 32 of the jet.

Radial holes 33 permit the passage of oil to the inner conduit 34 up to the calibrated' nozzle 35. The tightness of the fitting of the jet 27 is realized by means of a bevelled part 36 presentin a sharp edge, a spring 37 trying 'to app y constantly these two parts against each other. 38 1s a stopper for inspection and emptying. The air-admission I is effected through the bell 9 in the direction of the arrow f (Fig. 2) the air penetrating below the bell across perforations 40 in a part forming a. sheath 41, these perforations permitting of being placed opposite openings 40 of the tubular conduit 39 rfor s-admission. In this manner are securedgl lation of air and its preliminary heating;

he regu holes 42 could be also provided in the bottom part of the bell (Fig. 1).

In the tubular conduit 39 is arranged the Venturi-diffuser 8, the jets 27, 27 being disposed a little behind the neck of the diusor.

The required essence arrives at start or during run", according to the requirements, through the pipe 43 and the junction piece 44 comprising in the usual Way three parts, and passes then to the smooth pointer with a spring 45,' similar to the pointer 30A for the regulation of oil. Holes-46 serve for'the passage of the essence to the inner conduit 47 of the jet 27 abutting opposite the jet of oil and in the same axis, a drill-like screw being eventually provided in the jet to act as a ointer or needle, for this jet 27 j elow the heads of the two pointers 30, act two cams 48, 49 (Fig. 2) mounted at the extremities of arms of levers 50, 51 (Fig. 2) united by an appropriate system of links 52, in such manner that to the closing positionof one of these pointers corresponds the opening position of the other pointer, and that thereb the desired distribution with regard to t e proportion of essence and of oil of a given fluidity is assured. This conjugated system for the regulation of essence andof oil permits overmore to pass without jerks or the like from a run with essence to a run with thick oil or oils, if accepting that the apparatus is suiliciently warmed up by the derivation of the escape-gases.

The system of rods or links 52 can be con- A trolled by a lever 53 and a handle or a pedal, according to the type of the motor. l

The pointers 31 and 45 being smooth-'and constantly pushed by their springs into the position o f obturation, the result is that if the rod 53 is acted upon in the direction of the arrow f', the needle 45 for essence is opened owing to the lifting of its knurled i head, whereas the needle 30 is freed and closes, owing to the action of its spring 31, the admission of oil to the jet. It is possible, owing to this device, to utilize as fuel, after the catalytic action, the thick oils possessing'a great viscosity, if necessary, with addition of a fraction of essence in order to improve the carburation.

The invention is of course not limited to 'the executional form such as described and represented, 'udgedpreferable owin to its simplicity; t e most varying modi cations could be devised, based on themain inventional idea, and without departing from the scope of the same. It is for example, pcssible, to employ the apparatus as an ordinary carburetor for essence, owing to the great simplicity of its design, and soV on.

at I claim, is

1. A carburetor for thick'oils, comprising a body having inner and outer walls spaced a art and forming an oil heating chamber t erebetween, the space bounded by the inner wall forming a heating chamber, means to supply oil to said oil heating chamber, a mixing tube extending through the lheating chamber, a nozzle extending into said mixing 5 tube and also through said oil heating chamber and a fuel duct leading from said oil heating chamber to said nozzle, so that the oil heated in said oil heating chamberis additionally heated as it passes from said oil l heating chamber to said nozzle.

2. A carburetor as claimed in claim 1 including also a nozzle having means to supply the same with light liquid hydrocarbon and arranged to discharge into said mixing tube' l5 at a point oppositethe discharge end ofthe irst named nozzle.

3. A carburetor as claimed in claim 1, including also a nozzle havingmeans'to supplyv the same with light liquid ydrocarbon and arranged to discharge into said mixing tube at a point opposite the discharge end of the first named nozzle, a valve to control the supply of thick heated oil to the first named nozzle, a valve to control the supply of light liquid hydrocarbon to the second named noz zle and means to simultaneously reversely operate the said valve so that one opens while the other closes.

4. A carburetor as claimed in claim 1, in which the heating chamber has an inlet for heated exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, and also an outlet for such gases, so that said heating chamber, said mixing tube and said oil heating chamber are heated by said exhaust gases and in which the said oil heating chamber also oontains catalyzing material for the thick oil. 5. A carburetor as claimed in claim 1, in which the heating chamber has an inlet for heated exhaust gases from an internal comn bustion engine, and also an outlet for such gases, so that said heating chamber, said mixing tube and said oil heating chamber are heated b said exhaust gases and in which the said oil eatin chamber also contains catalyzing materia for the thick oil and also including a cylinder of greater diameter than the first named nozzle and through which said nozzle passes, a chamber for the reception of oil from the oil heating chamber, a float chamber communicating with said receiving chamber, a iioat in said float chamber having a valve to control the passage of oil from the receiving chamber to the iioat chamber, and

in which the said duct leads from the ioat chamber to the interior of said cylinder, so that the oil is reheated immediately prior to its entry into the rst named nozzle.

In Witness whereof I aiiix my signature.

30 JOSEPH ESCAF FRE. 

